历史

During the "search for alternatives" period in the 1930s, political centralization and the first attempt to provide Brazil with modern administrative, military and educational institutions took place. The main initiatives included the University of São Paulo, which was created in 1934. Its nucleus was the creation of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, with professors coming from France, Italy, Spain, Germany and other European countries.

USP also brought together several research and higher-education institutions in the state created before, such as the Faculty of Medicine (Faculdade de Medicina), the Polytechnic School (Escola Politécnica), and the College of Law (Faculdade de Direito). The Polytechnic School includes civil, electrical, mechanical, mining, metallurgical, naval and oceanic, and chemical engineering departments.

Admissions

Students are admitted by an entrance exam, known as the vestibular (FUVEST), consisting of two steps:

• Part I: composed of 90 multiple-choice questions on Portuguese, English, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Geography, History and Biology.
• Part II: those who achieve the "cut-off" score during the first stage for their chosen course are classified for the second stage. The "cut-off" grade varies from year to year, because it depends on the performance of the candidates and the number of available places in each course. The number of candidates summoned for the second stage is three times the number of available places in the chosen career. Those who score 22 points or less are automatically disqualified.

During the second phase of Fuvest, there are three days of discursive tests. On the first day there are tests of Portuguese and Writing for all applicants. The subjects on the second day are: History, Chemistry, Geography, Biology, Physics and Mathematics. On the third day the test are given according to the chosen career, the students take discursive tests of History, Chemistry, Geography, Biology, Physics, or Mathematics. Careers in Music, Arts, Audiovisual, Sports, Architecture and Design have tests of specific skills and abilities.

Moreover, candidates who only attended a public high-school receive an extra 12% on their final Part I and Part II scores, arguably, in order to compensate for the general low quality of Brazilian public basic education.

USP's entrance exam is prepared and administered by FUVEST (University Foundation for Vestibular), subject to regulations approved by the university's Undergraduate Studies Council. In 2006, 142,656 students signed up for Fuvest's vestibular to apply for admission to the University of São Paulo. There were 10,202 openings. One of the most competitive courses was Journalism, with about 45 applicants per opening. In order to pass to Part II, the most difficult course (Medicine) required a grade of 83%. USP is a free university, and students do not have to pay any tuition fees.

Academic career

• Teaching Assistant (Auxiliar de Ensino) - MS-2 (must have a Master's degree and be enrolled in a doctoral program). Undergraduate students can also be teaching assistant for a semester, with scholarship from each department.
• Professor Doctor (Professor Doutor) - MS-3 (must have a doctoral or equivalent degree)
• Associate Professor (Professor Associado) - MS-5 (must have a Livre Docente title; equivalent to the German Habilitation)
• Full Professor (Professor Titular) - MS-6 (top rank, only MS-6 professors are allowed to hold positions such as Dean of a Faculty/School or Rector of the University)

Race and ancestries

In a survey with students of the University of São Paulo, 76.9% reported to be White, 12.8% Asian, 7% Pardo (brown), 1.2% Black, 0.4% Indigenous, and 1.7% did not answer the question.

98.5% of the students were Brazilian born, 0.5% naturalized Brazilians and 1% foreigners. 92.7% of the students hold only a Brazilian citizenship and 7.3% hold a dual-citizenship (56.7% Italian citizenship, 9.3% Portuguese, 8.5% Spanish, 6% German, 4.2% Japanese and 4% American).

Asked if they are "descendants of foreign immigrants", 81% of the students reported "yes", which reflects the majority of the population of the State of São Paulo, which is mostly composed of descendants of 19th and 20th centuries immigrants who went to Brazil. The main reported ancestries were: Italian (30.5%), Portuguese (23%), Spanish (14%), Japanese (8%), German (5.6%), "Brazilian" (4.3%), African (2.8%), Arab (2.4%) and Jew (1.2%) .

One curious fact is that people reported as Asian in the Brazilian census make up only 2% of the population in Greater São Paulo, while in the University of São Paulo they are almost 13% of the students. Also, Whites make up 60.3% of the population, while in the University they are almost 77%. The census reported 30.3% of Pardos (brown) in Greater São Paulo, but they are only 7% of the students and Blacks were 7% in the census, but only 1.2% in the University.

Notable alumni

Presidents of Brazil

• Prudente de Morais (1894–1898)
• Campos Sales (1898–1902)
• Rodrigues Alves (1902–1906)
• Afonso Pena (1906–1909)
• Nilo Peçanha (1909–1910)
• Venceslau Brás (1914–1918)
• Delfim Moreira (1918–1919)
• Washington Luís (1926–1930)
• Nereu Ramos (1955–1956)
• Jânio Quadros (1961)
• Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003)

São Paulo state governors

• José Alves de Cerqueira César (1889–1892)
• Américo Brasiliense de Almeida Melo (1891)
• Bernardino José de Campos Júnior (1896–1902)
• Campos Sales (1896–1897)
• Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (1912–1916)
• Altino Arantes Marques (1916–1920)
• Washington Luís (1920–1924)
• Carlos de Campos (1924–1927)
• Júlio Prestes (1927–1930)
• Armando de Sales Oliveira (1935–1936)
• José Joaquim Cardoso de Melo Neto (1937–1938)
• Lucas Nogueira Garcez (1951–1955)
• Jânio Quadros (1955–1959)
• Carvalho Pinto (1959–1963)
• Abreu Sodré (1967–1971)
• Paulo Maluf (1979–1982)
• André Franco Montoro (1983–1987)
• Mário Covas (1995–2001)
• Cláudio Lembo (2005)
• José Serra (2006–2010)
• Alberto Goldman (2010–present)

Politicians

• Aloizio Mercadante - current Brazilian senator (economics degree)
• Antonio Palocci - former Brazil's Finance minister (M.D. degree)
• Fernando Haddad - the current Brazil's Minister of Education (law degree)
• Gilberto Kassab - the current mayor of São Paulo (engineering and economics degree)
• Guido Mantega - the current Brazil's Finance minister (economics degree)
• Rodrigo Augusto da Silva - Senator, Minister and Counselor. He authored and co-signed the Golden Law in 1888.

Writers

• Alcides Nogueira
• Alphonsus de Guimarães
• Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza
• Augusto de Campos
• Álvares de Azevedo
• Antônio de Alcântara Machado
• Antônio Vicente Seraphim Pietroforte
• Bernardo Guimarães
• Castro Alves
• Décio Pignatari
• Fagundes Varela
• Glauco Mattoso
• Haroldo de Campos
• Hilda Hilst
• Ismail Xavier
• José de Alencar
• José de Mesquita
• Lygia Fagundes Telles
• Manuel Bandeira
• Monteiro Lobato
• Olavo Bilac
• Oswald de Andrade
• Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes
• Raduan Nassar
• Raul Pompéia

Scientists and physicians

• Aziz Nacib Ab`Saber - archeologist, geographer, geologist and ecologist
• Adib Domingos Jatene - physician
• Abraão de Morais - physicist
• César Lattes - physicist, co-discoverer of the pi meson
• Drauzio Varella - physician, educator and medical science popularizer
• Ennio Candotti - physicist and scientific leader
• Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini - physician, he did the first heart transplantation in 拉丁语 America
• Giuseppe Occhialini - physicist
• Gleb Wataghin - physicist
• Marcelo Damy, physicist and co-discoverer of mesons in cosmic ray showers
• Jayme Tiomno - experimental and theoretical nuclear physicist
• José E. Moreira - system software architect for Blue Gene/L, the fastest supercomputer in the world
• José Goldemberg - scientific leader and research scientist
• José Leite Lopes - theoretical physicist
• Mário Schenberg - physicist
• Mayana Zatz - molecular biologist and geneticist
• Miguel Nicolelis - physician and neurobiological researcher
• Oscar Sala - Italian-Brazilian nuclear physicist
• Roberto Salmeron - electrical engineer and experimental nuclear physicist
• Sérgio Henrique Ferreira - physician and pharmacologist, discovered the active principle of a new drug against hypertension
• Warwick Estevam Kerr - geneticist, researcher on the biology and genetics of bees
• Renato M.E. Sabbatini, neuroscientist and physiologist
• Gilberto de Nucci, physician and experimental pharmacologist
• Zeferino Vaz, physician, parasitologist, dean of the State University of Campinas

Others

• Amyr Klink - sailor and explorer (economics degree)
• Ana Cañas - singer (dramatic arts degree)
• Chico Buarque de Holanda - singer (architecture degree)
• Dan Stulbach - actor (dramatic arts degree)
• Fernando Meirelles - film director, he did City of God [5], The Constant Gardener [6] and Blindness [7] (architecture degree)
• Henrique Meirelles - the current president of the Central Bank of Brazil (engineering degree)
• João Batista Vilanova Artigas - architect (architecture degree)
• José Celso Martinez Corrêa - playwright (law degree)
• Marcelo Tas - actor and writer (engineering degree)
• Matheus Nachtergaele - actor (dramatic arts degree)
• Nelson Pereira dos Santos - filmmaker (law degree)
• Paulo Autran - actor (law degree)
• Sebastião Salgado - photographer and photojournalist (economics degree)

Notes

• In the 2009 Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, created by the Higher Education & Accreditation Council of Taiwan, USP was listed in 78th place.
• USP was classified in the 35th place, in the 2008 survey of the Professional Ranking of World Universities [8] (this listing is created by MINES ParisTech).
• Computer science students from USP were ranked 14th in the ACM ICPC 2010 World Finals, the same rank of MIT. They were ranked 32nd in 2007.
• Webometrics classified USP as the best university of the set of countries named BRIC [9]

Global Engineering Study

The "Global Engineering Excellence" will study the importance of technology in the competitiveness of nations. The selected universities are:

• Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
• Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland
• Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
• Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
• Tsinghua University, China
• Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
• University of Tokyo, Japan

Schools, Faculties and Institutes

• Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades

School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities

Courses: Fashion and Textiles, Tourism and Leisure, Environmental Management, Gerontology, Information Systems, Marketing, Obstetrics, Physical Education, Public Administration, Science Education

• Escola de Comunicações e Artes

School of Communications and Arts

Courses: "Audiovisual" Arts (Film, Animation and TV), Theatre (Acting, Art Education, Directing, Dramaturgy and Scenography), Communications (Journalism, Editing and Publishing, Advertising and Publicity, Visual Arts (Printmaking, Painting, Multimedia and Intermedia, Sculpture and Art Education), Public Relations), Library Science, Music (Conducting, Composing, specific musical instrument, Singing), Tourism

• Escola de Educação Física e Esporte

School of Physical Education and Sports

Courses: Physical Education and Sports Science

• Escola de Enfermagem

School of Nursing

Course: Nursing

• Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto

Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing

Course: Nursing

• Escola de Engenharia de Lorena

Lorena School of Engineering

Courses: Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Chemical Industrial Engineering, Materials Engineering

• Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos

São Carlos School of Engineering

Courses: Architecture and Urban Planning, Aeronautical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Mechanical Production Engineering, Electrical Engineering (Electronic Engineering or Energy and Automation Systems), Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics

• Escola Politécnica

Polytechnical School

Courses: Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mining Engineering, Production Engineering, Electrical Engineering (Control and Automation, Computer Engineering, Energy and Automation, Electronic Systems, Telecommunications), Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, Metallurgical Engineering, Naval Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Materials Engineering, Petroleum Engineering

• Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz

Luiz de Queiroz School of Agriculture

Courses: Agricultural Engineering, Biology, Food Science, Economics, Forestry, Environmental Management, Agricultural Education, Biology Education

• Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo

Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism

Courses: Architecture and Urban Planning, Design

• Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Course: Pharmacy and Biochemistry

• Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto

Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Course: Pharmacy and Biochemistry

• Faculdade de Direito

Faculty of Law

Course: Law

• Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto

Faculty of Law of Ribeirão Preto

Course: Law

• Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade

Faculty of Economy, Management and Accounting

Courses: (Business Administration), Economics, Accounting, Actuarial Science

• Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto

Faculty of Economy, Management and Accounting of Ribeirão Preto)

Courses: Management (Business Administration), Economics, Accounting

• Faculdade de Educação

Faculty of Education

Course: Pedagogy

• Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas

Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences

Courses: Geography, History, Languages and Literatures (German, Arab, Armenian, Chinese, Spanish, French, Greek, Hebrew, English, Italian, Japanese, 拉丁语, Portuguese, Russian), Linguistics, Philosophy, Social Sciences (Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology)

• Faculdade de Medicina

Faculty of Medicine

Courses: Medicine, Speech and Language Therapy, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy

• Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto

Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine

Courses: Biosciences (medicine emphasis), Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, Physiotherapy, Speech and Language Therapy, Occupational Therapy

• Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science

Course: Veterinary Medicine

• Faculdade de Odontologia

Faculty of Odontology

Course: Dentistry

• Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru

Bauru Faculty of Odontology

Courses: Dentistry, Speech and Language Therapy

• Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto

Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Odontology

Course: Dentistry

• Faculdade de Saúde Pública

Faculty of Public Health

Courses: Nutrition, Public Health (graduate studies)

• Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos

Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering

Courses: Animal Science, Food Engineering

• Instituto Oceanográfico

Institute of Oceonography

Course: Oceanography

• Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas

Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences

Courses: Astronomy, Geophysics, Meteorology,

• Instituto de Biociências

Institute of Biosciencies

Course: Biology

• Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas

Institute of Biomedical Sciences

Course: Health Sciences

• Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação de São Carlos

Institute of Mathematics Sciences and Computer Science of São Carlos

Courses: Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Computer Science and Informatics

• Instituto de Física

Institute of Physics

Course: Physics

• Instituto de Física de São Carlos

Institute of Physics of São Carlos

Courses: Physics, Computational physics, Biomolecular sciences, Exact Sciences (Teaching)

• Instituto de Geociências

Institute of Geosciences

Course: Geology, Environment and Geosciences (Teaching)

• Instituto de Matemática e Estatística

Institute of Mathematics and Statistics

Courses: Applied Mathematics and Computer Mathematics, Mathematics (Bachelor and Teaching), Statistics and Computer Science

• Instituto de Psicologia

Institute of Psychology

Course: Psychology

• Instituto de Química

Institute of Chemistry

Courses: Chemistry

• Instituto de Química de São Carlos

Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos

Courses: Exact Sciences (Teaching), Chemistry

• Instituto de Relações Internacionais

Institute of Foreign Affairs

Course: International Relations

Museums and art galleries

The University of São Paulo has endowed a rich set of museums and important art galleries, most of them located in the central campus in São Paulo, such as:

• Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo (Museum of Contemporary Art)
• Museu Paulista (Historical Museum of São Paulo)
• Museu de Zoologia (Museum of Zoology)
• MAE-USP - Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (Museum of Archeology and Etnology)

参考文献

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: University of São Paulo

• University of São Paulo
• University of São Paulo social networking site (in Portuguese)

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• State University of Campinas - UNICAMP - WWW page
• Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - WWW page
• Federal University of ABC - UFABC - WWW page
• Brazil University Rankings
• Universities and Higher Education in Brazil