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The University was established in 1881 as University College Liverpool, admitting its first students in 1882. In 1884, it became part of the federal Victoria University. In 1894 Oliver Lodge, a professor at the University, made the world's first public radio transmission and two years later took the first surgical X-ray in the United Kingdom. The Liverpool University Press was founded in 1899, making it the third oldest university press in England.

Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university with the right to confer its own degrees called the University of Liverpool. The next few years saw major developments at the university, including Sir Charles Sherrington's discovery of the synapse and Professor William Blair-Bell's work on chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. In the 1930s to 1940s Professors Sir James Chadwick and Sir Joseph Rotblat made major contributions to the development of the atomic bomb. From 1943 - 1966 Allan Downie, Professor of Bacteriology, was involved in the eradication of smallpox.

In 1994 the university was a founding member of the Russell Group, a collaboration of twenty leading research-intensive universities, as well as a founding member of the N8 Group in 2004. In the 21st Century physicists, engineers and technicians from the University of Liverpool were involved in the construction of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, working on two of the four detectors in the LHC.

The University has produced eight Nobel Prize winners, from the fields of science, medicine and peace. The Nobel laureates include the physician Sir Ronald Ross, physicist Professor Charles Barkla, the physiologist Sir Charles Sherrington, physicist Sir James Chadwick, chemist Sir Robert Robinson, physiologist Professor Har Gobind Khorana, physiologist Professor Rodney Porter, and physicist Professor Joseph Rotblat. Sir Ronald Ross was also the first British Nobel laureate in 1902.

The term "red brick" was first coined by Liverpool professor Edgar Allison Peers (writing as Bruce Truscot) to describe the red brick built civic universities that were built in the UK, mostly in the latter part of the 19th century; these were characterised by Victorian buildings of red brick, such as Victoria Building, which was historically the administrative heart of the University.

Present

Liverpool has the sixth largest financial endowment of any UK university, valued at £110m, according to the Sutton Trust. It is a member of the Russell Group of Universities and a founding member of the Northern Consortium. The University has over 23,000 registered students, with almost 18,000 full-time registered students. The University has a broad range of teaching and research in both arts and sciences, and has a large medical school, which is associated with the neighbouring Royal Liverpool University Hospital. In September 2008, Sir Howard Newby took up the post of Vice-Chancellor of the University, following the retirement of Sir James Drummond Bone.

The University has a Students' union to represent students' interests, known as the Liverpool Guild of 学生.

It should be noted that whilst Liverpool has a total of three universities, the colloquial term Liverpool University commonly refers to the University of Liverpool rather than either of the other two, Liverpool Hope University or Liverpool John Moores University.

Campus and facilities

The University is mainly based around a single urban campus approximately five minutes walk from Liverpool City Centre, at the top of Brownlow Hill and Mount Pleasant. The main site is divided into three faculties: Health and Life Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Engineering. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Leahurst) and Ness Botanical Gardens are based on the Wirral Peninsula. There was formerly a research station at Port Erin on the Isle of Man until it closed in 2006. The Johnston Laboratories, a pathology research facility of repute during much of the 20th century, is now the biochemistry department of the university.

Harold Cohen Library

The Harold Cohen Library is the main library for science, engineering and medical, dental and veterinary sciences. It also contains eight computer centres as well as the Wolfson training suite.

Sydney Jones Library

The Sydney Jones Library is the main library for arts and humanities in the University of Liverpool. The library is housed in two buildings, the Grove Wing and the Abercromby Wing (formerly Senate House). The Grove Wing contains the majority of the collection and the special collections. The Abercromby Wing contains the Law Library, the library offices, computer services and the main Service Desk. The two buildings are linked by the Link Building which has the information support desks.

Liverpool Medical School

Liverpool Medical School was ranked as the ninth best medical school in the United Kingdom by The Times Good University Guide 2008. One of the key features of the medical programme is Problem-based learning (PBL). This is an educational process that encourages students, working in small groups, to learn through curiosity and to seek out information for themselves. Students have the opportunity to link basic medical science with clinical practice early in the programme, thereby stimulating and maintaining their interest instead of overwhelming it with facts. Other features of the programme include introduction to clinical and communication skills training, a greater emphasis on learning medicine in the community and early patient contact. However, a recent study published on the pass rates of medical school graduates in MRCP postgraduate exams has shown Liverpool graduates to be the least likely to pass amongst all other UK medical schools, even after controlling for pre-admission variability of medical school entrants. The Medical School offers a five-year undergraduate course, and a four-graduate entry course. The Medical School also has one of the oldest student societies - Liverpool Medical Students' Society. LMSS in fact pre-dates the University in its conception from when simply a teaching hospital existed around which the University was built. As of 2008 the medical school accepts some 268 home students per year and a further 24 from overseas making it one of the larger medical schools in the UK .

Liverpool Dental School

The Liverpool Dental School, based at the Liverpool Dental Hospital, is one of the top dental schools in the UK. The Liverpool Dental Programme is based on a Problem-based learning(PBL) system, where small groups of students are given a medical case, and through research are encouraged to learn about the causes and treatments for themselves. The Dental school now hosts the best Operation Techniques suite (Phantom Head) in the world, until a similar suite based on its design, but twice its size, is finished in the USA.

The Dental School offers a five-year undergraduate course, and recently the number of dental students at the University has increased due to the introduction of a new graduate entry fast track four-year course. Liverpool Dental School is a member of the Dental Schools Council.

School of Veterinary Science

The first veterinary school in the UK to be incorporated into a university, the Faculty's treatment and research facilities on the main campus and at Leahurst on the Wirral Peninsula, approximately 12 miles outside Liverpool, are amongst the most advanced and innovative in the country. There are three main teaching hospitals:

The Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital is one of the busiest and most successful equine hospitals in the UK, with particular expertise in the areas of gastroenterology, oncology, orthopaedics and neurology. The University's Veterinary Development Campaign is currently in the midst of fund raising to support the installation of the first veterinary MRI Unit in the North of England and a new Radiotherapy Unit.

The Small Animal Teaching Hospital moved to its new home in April 2007: a brand new, state of the art £9.6 million facility at Leahurst. This is the most modern, well-equipped hospital for small animals in the UK. Facilities include MRI and CT scanning, the Johnson Foundation radiotherapy treatment unit, an operating theatre dedicated to key-hole surgery, and the Hill's Pet Mobility Centre.

The Farm Animal Hospital takes cases from throughout NW England and North Wales for detailed investigation and intensive care treatment.

In 2006 the faculty was voted no. 1 UK vet school in The Times Good University Guide 2006, awarded 24/24 by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education and in 2005 was cited as "the University with the most satisfied students" by the British Veterinary Association and the Association of Veterinary 学生.

Liverpool Management School

Although business and management studies have been a key part of the University of Liverpool’s provision since the early 1900s, the University of Liverpool Management School (ULMS) was only established in 2002.

ULMS was formed as a result of the merger of existing departments, institutes and units from across the University. Five divisions were formed within the ULMS which represent the following subject areas: Accounting and Finance, e-Business and Operations Management, Economics, Management and Marketing and International Business. ULMS has developed rapidly since it was opened in 2002. ULMS offers a number of general management and specialist degrees at an undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level.

ULMS has 67 members of academic staff including 17 Professors, 2 Readers, 9 Senior Lecturers and 39 Lecturers. 58% of ULMS staff have an international background; countries represented by ULMS faculty include Canada, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Ireland, Mexico, Nigeria, Ukraine, United Kingdom and the United States of America..

School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology

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The School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology (also known as the SACE) is an internationally recognised centre for research in Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology with 40 members of staff and over 100 postgraduates working on over 15 research projects around the world, and thus a premier research center within the University of Liverpool. The Department has pioneered the study of the ancient world since 1881, developing unique facilities, such as a museum, libraries and laboratories.There are many separate and joint degree programmes offered by the School in Ancient History, Archaeology, Classics, Egyptology and Evolutionary Anthropology, consistently rank among the top ten in the UK. The School has also been internationally recognised in its expertise, ranging from ancient languages to human evolution, creating a lively culture based around interdisciplinary debate and active research. The School is also a recognised centre for teaching excellence, being home to the UK Subject Centre for Archaeology and Classics and the University's first National Teaching Fellow.

School of Biosciences

The School of Biological Sciences was formed in August 1996 from the former departments of Biochemistry, Environmental & Evolutionary Biology, and Genetics & Microbiology. The new Biosciences building cost £28.5M to build, that has multi-user laboratories for 320 researchers with cutting edge core facilities in Cell Imaging, Microarrays and Genomics, Functional Proteomics, Biological NMR, Computational & Bioinformatics Facilities, and Transgenic Plant Growth. It houses 65 senior academics plus another 150 mostly research staff, including two fellows of the Royal Society and several fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. Research in the School is focused into 3 Divisions (Cellular Regulation and Signalling; Integrative Biology; Population and Evolutionary Biology), each with professorial leadership and further divided into specialised or interdisciplinary research groups.

Faculty of Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering includes the School of Engineering and the School of Electrical Engineering .The schools offer a wide variety of courses, including Civil, Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, Avionics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering and variants of these, including foundation year courses. The University has recently started offering courses in Aerospace Engineering and Pilot studies.This course gives students the opportunity to acquire significant flying time(for Pilot's licence), while undertaking an Aerospace Engineering degree programme. Students obtaining AAB - AAA A level grades (in relevant A levels) are eligible for scholarships.

Most of the faculty's subject areas rank within the Top 10 in the UK. The faculty's Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing research submission obtained a maximum 5* grading in the most recent research assessment. The Times "Good University" guide places the Mechanical Engineering course third nationally. The department boasts two flight simulators, one of a very few departments to have one in the UK.

£36m has been spent on refurbishing the department, completed in September 2008. This included the construction of an active learning laboratory which is one of the largest and best equipped laboratories in Europe. Pupils enrolled on the 4 year Aerospace MEng Programme, have the opportunity to spend their third year at one of America's leading engineering Schools, at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign).

The Liverpool Engineers Student Society (LESS), of the Department of Engineering and ESHOCK, of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, organise social events for engineering students from their respective departments.

English Language Unit

The English Language Unit (also known as the ELU) is a department within the School of the Arts, specialising in language teaching and learning. It offers language support for registered international students, visiting fellows and international staff members. It also helps to provide a range of postgraduate courses and research opportunities for language teachers, including a well-respected CELTA course.

Centre for Manx Studies

The Centre for Manx Studies, located in Douglas, Isle of Man, is also affiliated to the University.

University accommodation

The two main university accommodation complexes are both located in the Mossley Hill district of Liverpool. These both belong to the University, and include the Greenbank and Carnatic complexes. The Greenbank Halls include Derby and Rathbone Hall and Roscoe and Gladstone Hall (commonly known as D&R and R&G respectively). Carnatic Halls is the largest of the University of Liverpool accommodation complexes including 6 halls: Morton House, Lady Mountford House, Dale Hall, McNair Hall, Salisbury Hall and Rankin Hall. Both sites include a range of catered and self-catered accommodation.

Within the main campus, there are three accommodation sites: Mulberry Court, Philharmonic Court and Melville Grove. Mulberry Court is situated between Oxford Street, Mulberry Street, and Mount Pleasant. Melville Grove is on Grove Street and Philharmonic on Catharine Street. These are self-catering halls situated roughly three minutes walk from the Guild of Students, and ten minutes from the city centre. Melville Grove typically accommodates postgraduate students, though undergraduates may also apply for accommodation there. Philharmonic has halls for first year students and flats for postgraduate students with families.

All student rooms in halls have Internet access provided by ResNet which is run by Computing Services. This wired service allows fast downloading, inter/outer hall computer game play and the new addition of FreeWire, offering television via the internet.

Guild of Students

Liverpool Guild of 学生 is the centre point of activity in student life. It is one of the largest Students' Union buildings in England. The Guild often features live acts, demonstrations and tours such as the NME Tour. This has been emphasised by Liverpool's Echo Arena hosting the MTV Music awards, attracting the MTV tour with artists such as Dizzee Rascal, Goldfrapp and Pendulum having played at the Guild in 2008. The Guild also offers a selection of student help activities, and it campaigns to aid students in personal or financial crisis. In addition to this, the Guild is also the host for student media projects. These include internet based Icon Radio run by students and a filmmakers' hub to promote the university. The Guild operates LSMedia, an online newspaper and magazine which replaced the magazine "Sphinx" in 2008.

Academic reputation

In the Complete University Guide 2008, published in The Independent, the University of Liverpool was ranked 42nd out of 113, based on nine measures, while The Times Good University Guide 2008 ranked Liverpool 34th out of 113 universities. The Sunday Times university guide recently ranked the University of Liverpool 27th out of 123. In 2010, "The Sunday Times has ranked University of Liverpool 29th [1] of 122 institutions nationwide. In 2008 the QS World University Rankings rated University of Liverpool 99th best in the world, and 137th Best worldwide in 2009 [2]

UK University Rankings

	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995	1994	1993
Times Good University Guide	28	28	39	41	41=	42	38	37=	40	40	38=	32	38	24=	22=	28=	19=
Guardian University Guide	44	36	47	47	45	43	37
Sunday Times University Guide		30	27	31	29	36	31=	33	31	34	32	29=
Daily Telegraph			41				33
The Independent / Complete	42	41
The Financial Times							35		32	36	36

Green issues

In 2008 the University of Liverpool was voted joint seventeenth greenest university in Britain by WWF supported company Green League. This represents an improvement after finishing 55th in the league table the previous year..

The position of the university is determined by point allocation in departments such as Transport, Waste management, sustainable procurement and Emissions amongst other categories; these are then transpired into various awards. Liverpool was awarded the highest achievement possible in Environmental policy, Environmental staff, Environmental audit, Fair trade status, Ethical investment policy and Waste recycled whilst also scoring points in Carbon emissions, Water recycle and Energy source. It is Liverpool’s growing ambition to encourage students and staff to proclaim itself as an environmentally friendly university.

Liverpool has led the way amongst UK universities with desktop computer power management; they were the first to develop their own power management solution, which has been widely adopted by other institutions. The university has subsequently piloted other advanced software approaches further increasing savings. The university has also been at the forefront of using the Condor HTC computing platform in a power saving environment. This software, which is makes use of unused computer time for computationally intensive tasks usually results in computers being left turned on. The university has demonstrated an effective solution for this problem using a mixture of Wake-on-LAN and commercial power management software.

Sport

The University of Liverpool has a proud sporting tradition and has many premier teams in a variety of sports. The current sporting project comes under the title of Club Liverpool. This athletic union offers nearly 50 types of sport ranging from football, rugby and cricket to others such as windsurfing, lacrosse and cheerleading. Many of the sports have both male and female teams and most are involved in competition on a national scale. BUCS is the body which organises national university competitions involving 154 institutions in 47 sports. Most sports involve travelling to various locations across the country, mainly on Wednesday afternoons.

Two other prominent competitions are the Christie Championships and the Varsity Cup. The Christie Cup is an inter-university competition between Liverpool, Leeds and Manchester. The Varsity Cup is a popular "derby" event between Liverpool John Moores University and the University of Liverpool.

Notable alumni

• Sanjay Jha, Co-CEO Motorola,Inc. and CEO of Motorola's Mobile Devices business.
• Clive Barker
• Charles Barkla
• Stephen Bayley
• Torben Betts, award-winning playwright
• Roger Bolton, broadcaster and television producer
• Paula Byrne
• Steve Coppell, footballer and manager
• Barry Horne (footballer), journalist and pundit
• Frances Crook
• Victoria Derbyshire
• Carol Ann Duffy, Poet Laureate
• Steve Firth, musician
• Maxwell Fry, modernist architect
• Rob Grant
• Nick Grimshaw
• Brian Hall
• John Holt, physicist
• Bev Hughes MP PC
• Dr Robert Roland Hughes, pioneer in Neuroscience and Electroencephalography
• Rory Jennings, actor
• Syed Kamall
• Brian Keaney, children's author
• Sir Frank Kermode, literary critic
• Professor Sir Ian Kershaw, historian
• Peter Kilfoyle
• Robert Legget
• Sir Leigh Lewis, permanent secretary
• Oliver W F Lodge
• Chris Lowe
• Diarmaid MacCulloch, historian
• Rex Makin, solicitor and philanthropist
• Helen Marnie, member of the band Ladytron
• Anna Maxwell Martin
• Declan McManus (Honorus Causa)
• Tony McNulty (Labour Minister)
• Margaret Murphy, crime writer and winner of First Blood Award
• Doug Naylor
• Sir John Neale, historian of Tudor England
• Ernest Newman, music critic and biographer of Wagner
• Lord Nicholls, retired Law Lord
• Andrew Norton, American politician
• Gordon Oakes
• Stel Pavlou
• Dee Plume and Sue Denim, musicians from the band Robots in Disguise
• Phil Redmond, television producer
• Wolfgang Rindler, physicist
• Dame Stella Rimington, Director-General of MI5
• Winifred Robinson, broadcaster
• Patricia Routledge, actress
• Amha Selassie of Ethiopia
• Scott Seaman-Digby, Conservative Councillor and Prospective Parliamentary Candidate
• Maeve Sherlock OBE
• Margaret Simey, social and political campaigner
• F.E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead
• Martin Smith, vehicle designer
• Jon Snow, Channel 4 television news presenter
• Olaf Stapledon, novelist and philosopher
• James Stirling
• Lytton Strachey, biographer and essayist
• Sir Michael Thompson, academic
• Steve Voake, children's author
• Tung Chee Hwa, first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
• Baroness Walmsley, politician
• "Professor" Sid Watkins, former Formula 1 chief medical officer
• Sir David Weatherall, Regius Professor of Medicine (Oxford), 1992–2000
• Jim Woodcock, Professor of software engineering
• Verna Wright, evangelist, physician and research scientist

Nobel Prize winners

Overall there have been eight Nobel Prize Laureates who have been based at the University during a significant point in their career.

• Sir Ronald Ross (awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908) for his work with malaria.
• Professor Charles Barkla (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917) for discovering the electromagnetic properties of X-rays.
• Sir Charles Sherrington (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1932) for his research into neurons.
• Sir James Chadwick (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935) for discovering neutrons.
• Sir Robert Robinson (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947) for his research into anthocyanins and alkaloids.
• Professor Har Gobind Khorana (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1968) for his work on the interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
• Professor Rodney Porter (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1972) for his discovery of the strucure of antibodies.
• Professor Joseph Rotblat (awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995) for his efforts with nuclear disarmament.

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: University of Liverpool

• Russell Group
• Liverpool University Press
• Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
• Royal Liverpool University Hospital

参考文献

扩展阅读

• Rigg, J. Anthony (1968) "A comparative history of the libraries of Manchester and Liverpool Universities up to 1903", in: Saunders, W. L., ed. University and Research Library Studies: some contributions from the University of Sheffield Post-graduate School of Librarianship and Information Science. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1968

External links

• University of Liverpool
• XJTLU Official Site in English
• Liverpool Guild of Students'
• ICON Radio - The University's Student Radio

v • d • e Faculties, departments and other bodies of the University of Liverpool
Medical School | Royal Liverpool University Hospital | School of Tropical Medicine | Liverpool University Press | School of Veterinary Science
Other bodies connected to the University
Centre for Manx Studies