历史

The University of Tübingen was founded in 1477 by Count Eberhard V (Eberhard im Bart, 1445 - 1496), later the first Duke of Württemberg, a civic and ecclesiastic reformer who established the school after becoming absorbed in the Renaissance revival of learning during his travels to Italy. Its first rector was Johannes Nauclerus.

Its present name was conferred on it in 1769 by Duke Karl Eugen who appended his first name to that of the founder (Karls being the possessive form of Karl). The university later became the principal university of the kingdom of Württemberg. Today, it is one of nine state universities funded by the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg.

The Main Building 'Neue Aula' in July 2007

The University of Tübingen has a history of innovative thought, particularly in theology, in which the university and the Tübinger Stift are famous to this day. Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560), the prime mover in building the German school system and a chief figure in the Protestant Reformation, helped establish its direction. Among Tübingen's eminent students (and/or professors) have been the astronomer Johannes Kepler; the economist Horst Köhler (President of Germany); Joseph Ratzinger, former Cardinal and currently Pope Benedict XVI, poet Friedrich Hölderlin, and the philosophers Friedrich Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. "The Tübingen Three" refers to Hölderlin, Hegel and Schelling, who were roommates at the Tübinger Stift.

The university rose to the height of its prominence in the middle of the 19th century with the teachings of poet and civic leader Ludwig Uhland and the Protestant theologian Ferdinand Christian Baur, whose beliefs and disciples became known as the "Tübingen School" and which initiated historical analysis of Biblical texts, an approach also generally referred to as the Higher criticism. The University of Tübingen also was the first German university to establish a faculty of natural sciences, in 1863. DNA was discovered in 1868 at the University of Tübingen by Friedrich Miescher. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, the first female Nobel Prize winner in medicine in Germany, also works in Tübingen. In Tübingen the faculty for economics and business was founded in 1817 as 'Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät' and was the first of its kind in Germany.

In 1970 the university was restructured into a series of faculties as independent departments of study and research after the manner of French universities.

The university made the headlines in November 2009 when a group of left-leaning students occupied one of the main lecture halls, the Kupferbau, for several days. The students' goal was to protest tuition fees and maintain that education should be free for everyone.

Research focus

The Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Centre for molecular biology of plants) of the University of Tübingen is a multidisciplinary (plant physiology, plant biochemistry, plant genetics) plant science research facility, located on the Morgenstelle science campus

The University of Tübingen undertakes a broad range of research projects in various fields. The most prominent ones are to be found among the natural sciences. The Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, for instance, focuses on general, cognitive and cellular neurology as well as neurodegeneration. The Centre for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research deals primarily with cell biology in diagnostics and therapy of organ system diseases.

校园

The University of Tübingen is not a campus university, but is spread throughout the town. There are four areas with a major concentration of university institutions.

• The university uses a number of buildings in the old town of Tübingen, some of which date back to the foundation of the university. Today, these are mainly used by smaller humanities departments, as is the adjacent castle, Schloss Hohentübingen.
• Northeast of the old town, the Wilhelmstraße area surrounding the street of the same name is home to larger humanities departments as well as the university's administration. The main university library and main refectory are also in this area.
• A new campus for the sciences was built in the 1970s at Morgenstelle, on a hill north of the historic centre of Tübingen. Facilities include a large refectory.
• The university's teaching hospitals are located between the Wilhelmstraße area and the Morgenstelle campus in an area collectively known as the Kliniken.

Accommodation provided by the Tübingen Studentenwerk is in several locations throughout the town. The largest of the eleven halls of residence are at Waldhäuser Ost (1,700 rooms) and in the Französisches Viertel (500 rooms).

Libraries

The university library is not just available to those affiliated with the university, but also to the general public. The library provides more than three million individual volumes and more than 7,600 journals. Apart from the main library, more than 80 departmental libraries containing an additional three million volumes are also associated with the university.

The Library

The main lending library is located on Wilhelmstraße and consists of several different parts which are connected through corridors and walkways.

• The Bonatzbau, the library's oldest building, was built in 1912 and currently houses the historical reading room (Historischer Lesesaal), the university archive, along with a number of manuscript collections.
• The library's main building, constructed in 1963, contains the information desk and research stations to access electronic catalogues and databases.
• The Ammerbau is the most recent addition to the library complex. Built in 2002, it offers users direct access to over 300,000 volumes and latest issues of newspapers, magazines and journals. It also contains numerous work places and separate individual rooms for group work.

Organisation

Faculties

The university is made up of 14 faculties, some of which are subdivided into further departments.

• Protestant Theology
• Catholic Theology
• Law
• Economics and Business Administration
• Medicine
• Philosophy and History
• Social and Behavioral Science
• Modern Languages
• Cultural Sciences
• Mathematics and Physics
• Chemistry and Pharmacy
• Biology
• Geosciences
• Information and Cognitive Science

Governance

The university is governed by three separate bodies sharing with different functions and duties. However, some persons serve in more than one body.

The Rectorate is the executive component of the university's governing body. The current rector, Professor Bernd Engler, is supported by four deputies consisting of three prorectors and one provost. All are also permanent members of the university senate.

The Senate forms the legislative section of governance. Apart from the members of the rectorate, it includes the equal opportunities commissioner, the deans and 20 elected members representing the professors, lecturers, students and non-academic staff. Two advisors represent the university's teaching hospitals.

The University Council (Hochschulrat or Universitätsrat) has 13 members, including its president and vice-president as well as five further internal and six external members.

Student life

As the university's students make up roughly a quarter of the total population of Tübingen, the town's culture is to a large extent dominated by them. Consequently, there is a slump of activity during university holidays, particularly over the summer, when a large number of otherwise regular events do not take place.

Around 30 Studentenverbindungen, the German type of fraternities, are associated with the university. While famous for their parties, public academic lectures and the yearly "Stocherkahn-Rennen" punting-boat race on the Neckar river, some of them are the subject of ongoing controversy surrounding alleged rightwing policial views, leading to strong criticism from leftist groups. The university itself takes a neutral stance on this issue.

Also closely linked to the university are a number of student societies representing mainly the arts and political parties. Most notable are a number of choirs as well as student theatre groups affiliated with the faculty of Modern Languages, some of which perform in foreign languages. Radio Uniwelle Tübingen is the university's radio station, airing seven hours of programmes a week produced by students under the supervision of staff employed by the university.

The university also offers gym and sports classes called Hochschulsport. Since Tübingen has a department of sports science with a broad range of facilities, students of other subjects have the possibility to participate in various kinds of sports courses in teams or as individuals. Furthermore, even exotic sports, such as parachuting or martial arts, are offered. Students may attend courses either for free or at reduced rates. The sports department is located close to the Wilhelmstraße area of university buildings and is served by a number of frequent bus routes.

Unlike in some major cities, student discounts are not widely available in Tübingen. Cinemas and the town council's public library in particular do not offer discounts for students, and there are only a handful of restaurants which have reduced lunch deals. However, students may benefit from the Semesterticket, a heavily discounted public transport season pass offering six months of unlimited travel on trains and buses in the naldo Verkehrsverbund transport association for approximately €50. The Landestheater Tübingen theatre and all public swimming pools also have discounts for students.

Nightlife in Tübingen is centered on the numerous pubs in the old town along with a number of clubs, most of which dedicate themselves to non-mainstream music. During the semester, the Studentenwerk-owned Clubhaus at the centre of the Wilhelmstraße university area hosts the weekly Clubhausfest on Thursday nights. This popular, free-entry club night is organised and promoted by student societies and Fachschaft student representative bodies and all proceeds go towards their activities in support of students.

Points of interest

• Botanischer Garten der Universität Tübingen, the university's botanical garden

Notable alumni

This article may contain excessive, poor or irrelevant examples. You can improve the article by adding more descriptive text. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions.

This list also includes alumni of the Tübinger Stift, which is not a part of the University, but has a close relationship with it.

Nobel laureates

• Günter Blobel (1999, Physiology or Medicine)
• Karl Ferdinand Braun (1909, Physics)
• Eduard Buchner (1907, Chemistry)
• Adolf Butenandt (1939, Chemistry)
• Hartmut Michel (1988, Chemistry)
• Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1995, Physiology or Medicine)
• William Ramsay (1904, Chemistry)
• Bert Sakmann (1991, Physiology or Medicine)
• Georg Wittig (1979, Chemistry)

Theology

• Karl Barth, Swiss Christian theologian
• Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran theologian, pastor and opponent of the Nazi Regime
• Romano Guardini, Roman Catholic priest, author and academic
• Walter Kasper, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
• Hans Küng, Roman Catholic theologian, critic of Catholic doctrine (now banned from teaching Roman Catholic theology at official Catholic institutions)
• Philipp Melanchthon, Protestant reformer
• Pope Benedict XVI, formerly known as Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger
• Charles-Frédéric Reinhard, politician
• Philip Schaff, Church historian
• Miroslav Volf, Christian theologian at Yale University.
• Jan Paulsen, Seventh-day Adventist Church President
• Denton Lotz, General Secretary of the Baptist World Alliance (until 2007, December 31)
• Martin Hengel, Lutheran theologian, specialising in the Second Temple period

Law

• Martin Bangemann, German minister of economy (1984-1988) and EU commissioner (1989-1999)
• Herta Däubler-Gmelin, German minister of justice (1998-2002)
• Roman Herzog, President of Germany (1994-1999)
• Philipp Jenninger, President of the German federal parliament (1984-1988)
• Klaus Kinkel, vice-chancellor and minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1993-1998)
• Gebhard Müller, President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1959-1971)
• Carlo Schmid, German politician and one of the "fathers of the constitution"
• Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath, Minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1932-1938)
• Gerhard Anschütz, father of the constitution of the Bundesland Hesse
• Christoph Martin Wieland, poet

Economics

• Helmut Haussmann, German minister of economy (1988-1991)
• Friedrich List
• Horst Köhler, director of the IMF (2000-2004) and current President of Germany (since 2004)
• Jürgen Stark, Chief Economist and Member of the Executive Committee of the European Central Bank
• Klaus Töpfer, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive-Director of the United Nations Environment Programme

German Literature

• Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906-1986), President of the German federal parliament (1954-1969)
• Walter Jens (b. 1923), philologist, literature historian and critic
• Siegfried Unseld (1924-2002), publisher (Suhrkamp)
• Martin Walser (b. 1927), writer

历史

• Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of Germany (1966-1969)
• Rita Süssmuth, President of the German federal parliament (1988-1998)
• Hans Mommsen, historian (b. 1930)

Archaeology

• Marija Gimbutas, archaeologist (1921-1994)
• Manfred Korfmann, archaeologist, director of excavations in Troy
• Sir Aurel Stein, archaeologist (PhD. 1883)

Egyptology

• Boyo Ockinga, Egyptologist

Philosophy

• Johannes Reuchlin, humanist and philosopher
• Friedrich Hölderlin, poet
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, philosopher
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, philosopher
• Ernst Bloch, philosopher
• Burghart Schmidt, philosopher

Medicine, biology, chemistry

• Alois Alzheimer, psychiatrist and neuropathologist
• Victor von Bruns, surgeon
• Lothar Meyer, chemist (1830-1895)
• Friedrich Miescher, biologist
• Felix Hoppe-Seyler, chemist and physiologist
• Karl von Vierordt, physiologist (1818-1884)

Natural Sciences/Mathematics

• Leonhart Fuchs (1501-1566), botany, physics
• Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), astronomy
• Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635), astronomy
• Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665-1721), botany, physics
• Johann Georg Gmelin (1709-1755), botany
• Hugo von Mohl (1805-1872), botany
• Theodor Eimer (1843-1898), zoology and comparative anatomy
• Hans Geiger (1882-1945), physics
• Karl Meissner (1891-1959), physics
• Bei Shizhang (1903-2009), biology

Psychology

• Wolfgang Köhler, psychologist
• Robert Zajonc (1923-2008), psychologist

Sociology

• Ralf Dahrendorf, sociologist, economist, political scientist and politician

更多

• List of universities in Germany
• Robert-Bosch-Hospital

Notes

参考文献

• Martin Biastoch: Tübinger Studenten im Kaiserreich. Eine sozialgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Sigmaringen 1996 (Contubernium - Tübinger Beiträge zur Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte Bd. 44) ISBN 3-51508-022-8
• Walter Jens: Eine deutsche Universität. 500 Jahre Tübinger Gelehrtenrepublik, München : Kindler, 1977
• Tubingensia: Impulse zur Stadt- und Universitätsgeschichte. Festschrift für Wilfried Setzler zum 65. Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von Sönke Lorenz und Volker [Karl] Schäfer. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2008 (Tübinger Bausteine zur Landesgeschichte, 10).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen

• Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen—official web site, available in German and English
• Studentenwerk Tübingen

Coordinates: 48°31′30″N 9°03′18″E / 48.525°N 9.055°E / 48.525; 9.055