历史

From one university to many

The roots of the University go back to 1495, when the Santiago de Compostela solicitor López Gómez de Mazoa founded, with the help of the abbot of San Martiño Pinario, a school for the poor known as "Gramatic Academy" in the monastery of San Paio de Antealtares. Early on, the success of the school was in doubt due to a lack of economic resources. But in the year 1504, Pope Julius II issued a Papal Bull recognizing the institution and allowing for the institution of higher learning in the "Gramatic Academy".

The definitive consolidation of the University comes with Alonso III de Fonseca, named archbishop of Santiago de Compostela in 1507. Fonseca was an extremely erudite man, a Renaissance man and patron of numerous artists of the time, who was in touch with important thinkers such as Erasmus of Rotterdam. At this time the old Pilgrim's Hospital was purchased with the aim of transforming it into a university college. The Santiago Alfeo College, today known as the Fonseca College, was also built, which became the centre of the university life till the second half of the 18th century and still remains emblematic in today's university. At the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries the San Patricio College, or College of the Irish, was created and the San Xerome College was moved to its current location.

In contrast to current practice, these colleges agglutinated all the seats of learning in the same building, where students lived as boarders. At this time, there were the main disciplines: Theology, Grammar and Arts, which were soon complemented with the study of Law (paying special attention to ecclesiastical law) and Medicine, more preoccupied with the health of the soul than about the care of the body.

The 18th century witnessed a profound transformation in the University of Santiago. Not only was it the era when the University escaped completely from the control of the religious orders of the Catholic Church, but it was also a time when the University lost part of its autonomy to the centralising forces of the Spanish Monarchy. It was during this period that Charles III granted the title of "Regia" (in English, Royal) to the University. The University seal is enriched with the Royal Crown over the coat of arms of Castilla, León and Galicia, as well as the most important founders' emblems.

After expelling the Jesuits, Charles III granted their land and buildings in Santiago to the university, thus establishing the core of the new university. Immediately, the University recuperated to its plan of studies disciplines that had been previously given to certain religious congregations, including academic degrees and schools for Experimental Physics or Chemistry.

The beginning of the 20th century produced a new generation of intellectuals closely tied to the university who would make up the core of a revival in the cultural life of Galicia. At the same time, there was a wide acceptance and support to the modern currents of thought. This introduced key figures from different scientific fields in our institutions. This is when the USC experiences a significant growth in the number of students as well as in careers, which also meant a significant growth in infrastructures. Thus, it continued to develop with new buildings, the enlargement of the University Building, the Faculty of Geography and History, and further on accommodation buildings, the College of Veterinary (Galician Parliament), the College of Deaf and Dumbs (Seat of the Xunta de Galicia) and the Faculty and Medicine. Another great project was the establishment of the Hall of Residence in 1930. Definitevely, it is a period of great quantitive and quality changes with an important increase in infrastructures along with the regionalisation of studies in search for a best adaptation to the Galician reality.

Another characteristic of the 20th century was the establishment of agreements with foreign institutions of university education, at first with Portuguese universities. From then on, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the university in the 1913–1914 academic year. Moreover, the number of books of the institution has been increased with new endowments, such as that of the American Library.

The military rising against the Republic and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War meant a period of change in the University of Santiago. The military coups dominated the city council, imposing on the University a new rector and new norms such as praying before and after each lesson. Precisely, the Santiago de Compostela anti-Franco opposition came from "middle class intellectuals" and students of the university and not from the working-class movements, as happened in Coruña, Vigo or Ferrol.

Recent history

The University of Santiago de Compostela was the first university in Galicia. In the 1980s, two additional university campuses in A Corunna and Vigo were established, fully dependent of the University of Santiago de Compostela. Later that decade the two became independent universities, able for the first time to issue their own official university degree titles. Prior to that, the only institution which shared "Official Degree Studies" in Galicia was the "School of Naval and Industrial Engineers" of Ferrol, which was created by a Ministerial Order under the initiative of General Francisco Franco in the early 1960s. This School was directly dependent of the Ministry of Education in Madrid though in 1990 will be amalgamated to the University of A Corunna.

Following the introduction of the new Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the arrival of Democracy, the new elected president of Spain, Felipe Gonzalez Marquez leader of the Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party (PSOE) introduced legislation to transform the previous centralised Spanish State, into an amalgamation of autonomous regions with different degrees of self Administration.

The north-western corner of the Iberian Peninsula gained the autonomous status and the Spanish language now co-exists with the indigenous Galician language, now official. Galicia now has three universities, each of them with campuses of their own:

University of Santiago de Compostela, University of A Corunna (with two campuses, one in A Corunna and the other in Ferrol), and University of Vigo (with three campuses, one in Vigo, and the other two in Ourense and Pontevedra). In the last decades, the universities of Coruña and Vigo already segregated, the USC student population numbers over 45,000.

The university celebrated its 500th anniversary in 1995.

校园

The University is organized into three campuses, North Campus and South Campus in Santiago and Lugo, which together include 30 centres, nearly 80 departments and more than 60 degrees, apart from numerous installations such as research institutes, halls of residence, sports and cultural facilities, and libraries.

Library

The University's library, as of the writing of the Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, had 60,000 volumes and several manuscripts of incalculable value. One of the manuscripts is dated to A.D.788.

学术

Faculties

The University of Santiago de Compostela offers a wide range of degrees in 19 faculties:

Degrees

University of Santiago de Compostela offers degrees in the following fields:

• Health Sciences
• Physical Sciences
• Social Sciences
• Technical
• Humanities
• Titulacións propias Titulacións de 1º Ciclo
• Titulacións de 2º Ciclo

Notable alumni and professors

• Ángeles Alvariño Gozález - Leading Oceanographer and first female Scientist to work on British and Spanish exploration ships (1916–2005)
• José Daporta Gozález - Professor of Hygiene and Microbiology as well as a prolific fine arts collector (1911–1989)
• Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao - Writer, artist, politician and medical doctor (1886-1950)
• Emilio Pérez Touriño - Former President of Xunta de Galicia (Galician Government)
• Manuel Fraga - Former President of Xunta de Galicia
• Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín - Writer and philologist
• Mariano Rajoy - Politician, President of the conservative People's Party
• Gonzalo Torrente Ballester - Writer and philosopher (1910–1999)
• Xosé Manuel Beiras - Professor of Economy, politician and writer
• Ramon Otero Pedrayo - Professor of Geography, writer and politician (1888-1976)
• Ricardo Carvalho Calero - Professor of Galician Language and Literature, writer (1910-1990)

更多

• List of oldest universities in continuous operation
• University of A Coruña
• University of Vigo
• Santiago de Compostela
• Academic Awards in Spain

参考文献

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

External links

• University of Santiago de Compostela 网址 (Galician) (Spanish) (English)
• Compostela Group of Universities - a network of universities established by the University of Santiago to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the Way of St. James pilgrim route to Compostela.
• University of Santiago de Compostela - Spanish courses for foreign students
•  "University of Santiago". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/University_of_Santiago.